/* Reset and Base Styles */
* {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
    font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: #333;
    background-color: #ffffff;
}

.container {
    max-width: 1300px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 2rem;
}

/* Header and Navigation */
header {
    background-color: #1a2332;
    padding: 0.75rem 0;
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    z-index: 1000;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

header .container {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 1rem;
}

.site-title {
    color: #ffffff;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 0;
    text-decoration: none;
    display: inline-block;
}

nav {
    margin-top: 0;
}

.nav-links {
    display: flex;
    list-style: none;
    gap: 2rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.nav-links a {
    color: #ffffff;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
    padding-bottom: 2px;
}

.nav-links a:hover {
    opacity: 0.8;
}

.nav-links a.active {
    border-bottom: 2px solid #ffffff;
}

/* Dropdown Menu */
.nav-links .dropdown {
    position: relative;
    padding-bottom: 0.5rem; /* Extend hover area downward */
}

.nav-links .dropdown > a {
    cursor: pointer;
}

.dropdown-menu {
    display: none;
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    left: 0;
    background-color: #2c3e50;
    min-width: 240px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    border-radius: 4px;
    margin-top: 0;  /* Removed gap - was 0.5rem */
    padding: 0.5rem 0;
    list-style: none;
    z-index: 1000;
}

.dropdown-menu li {
    padding: 0;
}

.dropdown-menu a {
    display: block;
    padding: 0.75rem 1.25rem;
    color: #ffffff;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: background-color 0.2s ease;
    border-bottom: none !important;
}

.dropdown-menu a:hover {
    background-color: #34495e;
    opacity: 1;
}

.dropdown-menu a.active {
    background-color: #1a2332;
    border-left: 3px solid #ffffff;
}

.dropdown:hover .dropdown-menu {
    display: block;
    animation: fadeIn 0.15s ease-in;
}

@keyframes fadeIn {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateY(-5px);
    }
    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateY(0);
    }
}

/* Mobile dropdown adjustments */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .dropdown-menu {
        position: static;
        box-shadow: none;
        margin-top: 0;
        background-color: #2c3e50;
        border-radius: 0;
    }

    .dropdown:hover .dropdown-menu,
    .dropdown .dropdown-menu {
        display: none;
    }

    .dropdown.open .dropdown-menu {
        display: block;
    }
}

/* Hero Section */
.hero {
    position: relative;
    background-image: url('assets/images/hero-background.jpg');
    background-size: cover;
    background-position: center;
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    color: #ffffff;
    padding: 4rem 2rem;
    text-align: center;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.hero::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(26, 35, 50, 0.85) 0%, rgba(44, 62, 80, 0.85) 100%);
    z-index: 1;
}

.hero-content {
    max-width: 900px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 2rem;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
}

.profile-photo {
    width: 180px;
    height: 180px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    border: 4px solid #ffffff;
    object-fit: cover;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
}

.hero h1 {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    letter-spacing: -0.5px;
    text-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}

.hero-title {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    opacity: 0.95;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    text-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.hero-icon {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    color: #ffffff;
    opacity: 0.9;
    transition: opacity 0.3s ease, transform 0.3s ease;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.hero-icon:hover {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.hero-icon svg {
    width: 24px;
    height: 24px;
    filter: drop-shadow(0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));
}

.hero-affiliation {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    opacity: 0.9;
    text-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}

/* Compact Hero for Subpages */
.hero-compact {
    padding: 2.5rem 2rem;
}

.hero-compact .hero-content {
    gap: 1rem;
}

/* Split Hero for Homepage */
.hero-split {
    padding: 3rem 2rem;
}

.hero-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 400px 1fr;
    gap: 4rem;
    align-items: start;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
}

.hero-left {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    text-align: center;
}

.hero-split .profile-photo {
    width: 230px;
    height: 230px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    border: 5px solid #ffffff;
    object-fit: cover;
    object-position: center 20%;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
}

.hero-info h1 {
    font-size: 2rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    letter-spacing: -0.5px;
    text-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    color: #ffffff;
}

.hero-info .hero-title {
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    opacity: 0.95;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    text-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    color: #ffffff;
}

.hero-info .hero-affiliation {
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    opacity: 0.9;
    text-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    color: #ffffff;
}

.hero-right {
    text-align: left;
    padding-left: 2rem;
    border-left: 2px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
}

.hero-right h2 {
    font-size: 1.75rem;
    color: #ffffff;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}

.hero-right p {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
    color: #ffffff;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    text-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}

.research-interests-compact {
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
    border-radius: 8px;
    border-left: 4px solid #ffffff;
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
}

.research-interests-compact h3 {
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    color: #ffffff;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}

.research-interests-compact p {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* Expandable Bio in Hero */
.hero-bio-expanded {
    margin-top: 1rem;
    padding-top: 1rem;
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
    animation: fadeIn 0.3s ease-in-out;
}

.hero-bio-expanded p {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
    color: #ffffff;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    text-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}

.bio-toggle {
    display: inline-block;
    margin-top: 0.75rem;
    padding: 0.4rem 1rem;
    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
    color: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);
    border-radius: 5px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    backdrop-filter: blur(5px);
}

.bio-toggle:hover {
    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25);
    border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
}

.bio-toggle.active {
    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25);
    border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
}

/* Responsive: Stack on smaller screens */
@media (max-width: 992px) {
    .hero-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 2rem;
    }

    .hero-right {
        padding-left: 0;
        border-left: none;
        border-top: 2px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
        padding-top: 2rem;
    }
}

/* Main Content */
main {
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
}

.section {
    padding: 2rem 0;
}

.section-white {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border-top: 3px solid #2c5aa0;
}

.section-gray {
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
}

.section-divider {
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
    padding: 1.5rem 0;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #2c5aa0;
}

.section-divider-heading {
    color: #1a2332;
    font-size: 2rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.section-divider-description {
    color: #666;
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    margin: 0;
    font-style: italic;
}

.section h2 {
    font-size: 2rem;
    color: #1a2332;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-align: center;
}

.section p {
    font-size: 1.125rem;
    line-height: 1.8;
    color: #555;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

/* About Section */
.about-content {
    max-width: 900px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    text-align: left;
}

.about-content p {
    font-size: 1.125rem;
    line-height: 1.8;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.research-interests {
    margin-top: 2rem;
    padding: 2rem;
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
    border-radius: 8px;
    border-left: 4px solid #2c5aa0;
}

.research-interests h3 {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    color: #1a2332;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
}

/* Recent Work Section */
.recent-work {
    padding: 2rem 0;
    background-color: #ffffff;
}

.recent-work-heading {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    color: #1a2332;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
    text-align: left;
}

.recent-work-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 1.5rem;
}

.recent-work-card {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1.25rem;
    padding: 1.25rem;
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
    border-radius: 8px;
    border-left: 4px solid #2c5aa0;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: inherit;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.recent-work-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.recent-work-thumb {
    flex: 0 0 140px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    overflow: hidden;
    border-radius: 6px;
}

.recent-work-thumb img {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: 6px;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.recent-work-journal {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1a2332 0%, #2c5aa0 100%);
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.35rem;
    padding: 1rem 0.75rem;
    min-height: 100px;
}

.journal-badge {
    color: #ffffff;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-align: center;
    line-height: 1.3;
}

.journal-year {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    text-align: center;
}

.recent-work-text {
    flex: 1;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
    min-width: 0;
}

.recent-work-label {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #2c5aa0;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
    margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.recent-work-text h3 {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    color: #1a2332;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.35;
    margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}

.recent-work-text p {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #666;
    line-height: 1.5;
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

@media (max-width: 992px) {
    .recent-work-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .recent-work-thumb {
        flex: 0 0 110px;
    }

    .recent-work-text h3 {
        font-size: 1rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
    .recent-work-card {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 1rem;
    }

    .recent-work-thumb {
        flex: 0 0 auto;
        width: 100%;
        max-width: 200px;
    }
}

/* Quick Links Section */
.quick-links {
    padding: 1.5rem 0 1.5rem 0;
}

.links-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(220px, 220px));
    gap: 1.5rem;
    margin-top: 0;
    justify-content: center;
}

.link-card {
    display: block;
    background-color: #ffffff;
    padding: 1.25rem;
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
    text-align: center;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    border-top: 4px solid #2c5aa0;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.link-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
}

.link-card h3 {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    color: #1a2332;
    margin-bottom: 0;
    font-weight: 600;
}

/* Research Page Styles */
.research-section {
    padding: 1.5rem 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
}

.research-section:last-of-type {
    border-bottom: none;
}

.research-section h2 {
    font-size: 2rem;
    color: #1a2332;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-align: left;
}

.papers-list {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(500px, 1fr));
    gap: 1rem;
}

@media (max-width: 1100px) {
    .papers-list {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
}

/* Research Associates Grid - Two Column Layout */
.ras-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 1rem;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .ras-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
}

.paper-card {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    padding: 1.25rem;
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
    border-left: 4px solid #2c5aa0;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.paper-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
}

.paper-title {
    font-size: 1.4rem;
    color: #1a2332;
    margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.paper-authors {
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: #666;
    margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
    font-style: italic;
}

.paper-venue {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: #888;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}

/* Badge Styles */
.badge {
    white-space: nowrap;  /* Prevents awkward line breaks */
}

.journal-link {
    color: #2c5aa0;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 600;
    transition: color 0.3s ease;
}

.journal-link:hover {
    color: #1a4070;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.paper-abstract {
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
    color: #555;
    margin-top: 1rem;
    padding-top: 1rem;
    border-top: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
    animation: fadeIn 0.3s ease-in-out;
}

@keyframes fadeIn {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateY(-10px);
    }
    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateY(0);
    }
}

.abstract-toggle {
    padding: 0.5rem 1.25rem;
    background-color: #f0f0f0;
    color: #333;
    border: 1px solid #ccc;
    border-radius: 5px;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.abstract-toggle:hover {
    background-color: #e0e0e0;
    border-color: #999;
}

.abstract-toggle.active {
    background-color: #2c5aa0;
    color: #ffffff;
    border-color: #2c5aa0;
}

/* Collaboration List Styles */
.collaboration-list {
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
    color: #555;
    margin-top: 1rem;
    padding-top: 1rem;
    border-top: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
    animation: fadeIn 0.3s ease-in-out;
}

.collab-items {
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0.75rem 0 0 0;
    padding: 0;
    line-height: 1.8;
}

.collab-items li {
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.collab-items a {
    color: #2c5aa0;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: color 0.3s ease;
}

.collab-items a:hover {
    color: #1a4070;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.collab-venue {
    display: block;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #888;
    margin-top: 0.2rem;
    font-style: italic;
}

/* Compact Paper Cards (for Economic Letters) */
.papers-list-compact {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(500px, 1fr));
    gap: 1rem;
}

.paper-card-compact {
    padding: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.paper-card-compact .paper-title {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
}

.paper-card-compact .paper-authors {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
}

.paper-card-compact .paper-venue {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

@media (max-width: 1100px) {
    .papers-list-compact {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
}

.abstract-toggle.active:hover {
    background-color: #1a4070;
    border-color: #1a4070;
}

.paper-links {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.paper-link {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 0.5rem 1.25rem;
    background-color: #2c5aa0;
    color: #ffffff;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-radius: 5px;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.paper-link:hover {
    background-color: #1a4070;
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.paper-link.secondary {
    background-color: #6c757d;
}

/* Textbook Card Styles - Research Page */
.textbook-card {
    display: flex;
    gap: 2rem;
    align-items: flex-start;
}

.textbook-link {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: inherit;
    display: flex;
}

.textbook-link:hover .paper-title {
    color: #2c5aa0;
}

.textbook-cover {
    width: 200px;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: 4px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.textbook-content {
    flex: 1;
}

/* Textbook Section Styles - Teaching Page */
.textbook-section {
    display: flex;
    gap: 3rem;
    align-items: flex-start;
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: 8px;
    border-left: 4px solid #2c5aa0;
}

.textbook-cover-large {
    width: 250px;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: 4px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.textbook-details {
    flex: 1;
}

.textbook-details h3 {
    font-size: 1.8rem;
    color: #1a2332;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.textbook-details p {
    font-size: 1.125rem;
    line-height: 1.8;
    color: #555;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

@media (max-width: 992px) {
    .textbook-section {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: center;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .textbook-cover-large {
        width: 200px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .textbook-card {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: center;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .textbook-cover {
        width: 150px;
    }

    .textbook-cover-large {
        width: 180px;
    }
}

.paper-link.secondary:hover {
    background-color: #5a6268;
}

/* Teaching Page Styles */
.textbook-section {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    border-radius: 10px;
    box-shadow: 0 3px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    border-left: 5px solid #2c5aa0;
}

.textbook-section h3 {
    font-size: 1.8rem;
    color: #1a2332;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.textbook-section p {
    font-size: 1.125rem;
    line-height: 1.8;
    color: #555;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.textbook-links {
    margin-top: 2rem;
    display: flex;
    gap: 1rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.btn-primary {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 0.75rem 1.75rem;
    background-color: #2c5aa0;
    color: #ffffff;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-radius: 6px;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 1rem;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.btn-primary:hover {
    background-color: #1a4070;
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(44, 90, 160, 0.3);
}

/* Conferences Page Styles */
.conference-card {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    border-radius: 10px;
    box-shadow: 0 3px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    border-left: 5px solid #2c5aa0;
}

.conference-title {
    font-size: 1.6rem;
    color: #1a2332;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.conference-meta {
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: #666;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.conference-meta strong {
    color: #333;
}

.conference-description {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
    color: #555;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

/* Economic Notes Tiles */
.section-gray {
    background-color: #eef1f5;
}

.section-subtitle {
    text-align: center;
    font-size: 1.125rem;
    color: #666;
    margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
    font-style: italic;
}

.section-header-inline {
    display: flex;
    align-items: baseline;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.5rem 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.section-header-inline h2 {
    margin-bottom: 0;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.section-header-inline .section-subtitle {
    margin-bottom: 0;
    text-align: left;
}

.section-header-inline .tile-nav {
    margin-left: auto;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .section-header-inline .section-subtitle {
        display: none;
    }

    .section-header-inline .tile-nav {
        margin-left: 0;
    }
}

/* Tiles Container */
.tiles-container {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.tiles-scroll {
    display: flex;
    gap: 2rem;
    overflow-x: auto;
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
    scroll-snap-type: x mandatory;
    padding-bottom: 1rem;
    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
}

/* Hide scrollbar but keep functionality */
.tiles-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar {
    height: 8px;
}

.tiles-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar-track {
    background: #e9ecef;
    border-radius: 4px;
}

.tiles-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
    background: #2c5aa0;
    border-radius: 4px;
}

.tiles-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover {
    background: #1a2332;
}

/* Individual Tile */
.note-tile {
    flex: 0 0 85%;
    scroll-snap-align: start;
    background: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    padding: 2.5rem;
    min-height: 450px;
}

/* Top row: chart + teaser side by side */
.note-tile-top {
    display: flex;
    gap: 2.5rem;
    flex: 1;
}


.note-chart {
    flex: 0 0 55%;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
}

.note-chart img {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

.placeholder-chart {
    width: 100%;
    height: 350px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f8f9fa 0%, #e9ecef 100%);
    border-radius: 8px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    font-size: 3rem;
    color: #ccc;
}

.placeholder-chart p:last-child {
    font-size: 1.125rem;
    color: #999;
    margin-top: 1rem;
}

.note-content {
    flex: 1;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
}

.note-content h3 {
    font-size: 1.875rem;
    color: #1a2332;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.3;
}

.note-content p {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
    color: #555;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.note-date {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: #999;
    font-style: italic;
    margin-top: auto;
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* Note toggle button */
.note-toggle {
    margin-top: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    padding: 0.5rem 1.25rem;
    background-color: #f0f0f0;
    color: #333;
    border: 1px solid #ccc;
    border-radius: 5px;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    align-self: flex-start;
}

.note-toggle:hover {
    background-color: #e0e0e0;
    border-color: #999;
}

.note-toggle.active {
    background-color: #2c5aa0;
    color: #ffffff;
    border-color: #2c5aa0;
}

.note-toggle.active:hover {
    background-color: #1a4070;
    border-color: #1a4070;
}

/* Full note expanded content — spans full tile width */
.note-full {
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
    padding-top: 1.5rem;
    border-top: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
    animation: fadeIn 0.3s ease-in-out;
    column-count: 2;
    column-gap: 2.5rem;
}

.note-full h4 {
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #1a2332;
    margin-top: 1.25rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.note-full p {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
    color: #555;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.data-download {
    color: #2c5aa0;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: color 0.3s ease;
}

.data-download:hover {
    color: #1a4070;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.note-author {
    font-size: 0.85rem !important;
    color: #aaa !important;
    margin-top: 1.25rem;
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.note-source {
    font-size: 0.825rem !important;
    color: #999 !important;
    font-style: italic;
    margin-top: 0.5rem;
    border-top: 1px solid #eee;
    padding-top: 0.75rem;
}


/* Arrow nav box in section header */
.tile-nav {
    margin-left: auto;
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.25rem;
    border: 1px solid #ccc;
    border-radius: 6px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

/* Arrow Buttons */
.tile-arrow {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    color: #1a2332;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 0;
    width: 36px;
    height: 36px;
    font-size: 1.4rem;
    line-height: 1;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background-color 0.2s ease;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 0;
}

.tile-arrow:hover {
    background-color: #f0f0f0;
}

.tile-arrow:active {
    background-color: #e0e0e0;
}

.tile-arrow-left {
    border-right: 1px solid #ccc;
}

/* Mobile Responsive */
@media (max-width: 968px) {
    .note-tile {
        padding: 2rem;
        min-height: auto;
        flex: 0 0 90%;
    }

    .note-tile-top {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 1.5rem;
    }

    .note-full {
        column-count: 1;
    }

    .note-chart {
        flex: 0 0 auto;
        width: 100%;
    }

    .note-content h3 {
        font-size: 1.5rem;
    }

}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .note-tile {
        flex: 0 0 95%;
        padding: 1.5rem;
    }

    .note-content h3 {
        font-size: 1.35rem;
        margin-bottom: 1rem;
    }

    .note-content p {
        font-size: 1rem;
    }
}

/* Video Tiles — Insights page (mirrors note-tile layout) */
.video-tile {
    background: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    padding: 2.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    max-width: 900px;
}

.video-tile-top {
    display: flex;
    gap: 2.5rem;
}

.video-tile-media {
    flex: 0 0 55%;
    position: relative;
    border-radius: 8px;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: #1a2332;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.video-tile-media video {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: contain;
    display: block;
}

.video-play-btn {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    background: rgba(0,0,0,0.35);
    border: none;
    color: #fff;
    font-size: 3rem;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background 0.2s ease;
}

.video-play-btn:hover {
    background: rgba(0,0,0,0.50);
}

.video-play-btn.hidden {
    opacity: 0;
    pointer-events: none;
}

/* Featured Video Banner — Homepage */
.featured-video-banner {
    background: #1a2332;
    padding: 3rem 0;
}

.featured-video-inner {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 3rem;
    align-items: center;
}

.featured-video-media {
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 420px;
    aspect-ratio: 4 / 5;
    border-radius: 8px;
    overflow: hidden;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.featured-video-media video {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: contain;
    display: block;
    background: #000;
}

.featured-video-text {
    color: #fff;
}

.featured-video-text .label {
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    color: #93b4d4;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.featured-video-text h2 {
    font-size: 1.8rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
    color: #fff;
}

.featured-video-text p {
    color: #ccc;
    line-height: 1.6;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.featured-video-text .cta-link {
    display: inline-block;
    color: #93b4d4;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
    transition: border-color 0.2s ease;
}

.featured-video-text .cta-link:hover {
    border-bottom-color: #93b4d4;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .video-tile-top {
        flex-direction: column;
    }

    .video-tile-media {
        flex: none;
    }

    .featured-video-inner {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .featured-video-media {
        max-width: 100%;
        margin: 0 auto;
    }

    .featured-video-text h2 {
        font-size: 1.4rem;
    }
}

/* Footer */
footer {
    background-color: #1a2332;
    color: #ffffff;
    padding: 2rem 0 1.5rem 0;
}

.footer-content {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
    gap: 3rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.footer-section h3 {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.footer-section p {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.8;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.footer-section a {
    color: #ffffff;
    text-decoration: underline;
    transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}

.footer-section a:hover {
    opacity: 0.8;
}

.footer-links {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 0.5rem 1.5rem;
}

.footer-links li {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.footer-links a {
    color: #ffffff;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}

.footer-links a:hover {
    opacity: 0.8;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.disclaimer {
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
    padding-top: 2rem;
    margin-top: 2rem;
    text-align: center;
}

.disclaimer p {
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    font-style: italic;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
    line-height: 1.6;
}

/* Buttons */
.btn {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-radius: 5px;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 1rem;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.btn-outline {
    border: 2px solid #2c5aa0;
    color: #2c5aa0;
    background-color: transparent;
}

.btn-outline:hover {
    background-color: #2c5aa0;
    color: #ffffff;
}

/* Responsive Design */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .container {
        padding: 0 1.5rem;
    }

    header .container {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
        gap: 0.75rem;
    }

    .nav-links {
        gap: 1.5rem;
    }

    .nav-links a {
        font-size: 1rem;
    }

    .hero {
        padding: 3rem 1.5rem;
    }

    .hero h1 {
        font-size: 2rem;
    }

    .hero-title {
        font-size: 1.1rem;
    }

    .profile-photo {
        width: 150px;
        height: 150px;
    }

    .section {
        padding: 1.5rem 0;
    }

    .section h2 {
        font-size: 1.75rem;
    }

    .links-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .paper-card,
    .conference-card,
    .textbook-section {
        padding: 1.5rem;
    }

    .footer-content {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 2rem;
    }

    .paper-links {
        flex-direction: column;
    }

    .paper-link {
        text-align: center;
    }

    .textbook-links {
        flex-direction: column;
    }

    .btn-primary {
        text-align: center;
        width: 100%;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
    .hero h1 {
        font-size: 1.75rem;
    }

    .hero-title {
        font-size: 1rem;
    }

    .hero-affiliation {
        font-size: 0.95rem;
    }

    .profile-photo {
        width: 130px;
        height: 130px;
    }

    .section h2 {
        font-size: 1.5rem;
    }

    .paper-title {
        font-size: 1.2rem;
    }

    .conference-title {
        font-size: 1.4rem;
    }
}